DNF is the default package deal administration system on most RPM-based Linux distributions right now.
DNF downloads packages from repositories, installs, removes, and updates packages. It performs automated dependency decision for packages you put in, replace, or take away, and installs all packages required to fulfill dependency necessities.
On Fedora it’s the default package deal supervisor since Fedora 22. On RHEL 8.x it’s now the default package deal supervisor.
DNF offers safe package deal administration by enabling GPG signature verification on GPG signed packages. DNF won’t set up packages that aren’t signed with the proper key for that repository.
For backward compatibility, RHEL 8.x additionally has a YUM command, though it’s a hyperlink to DNF.
Why DNF?
DNF or Dandified YUM is the subsequent technology of YUM. In comparison with YUM, DNF has higher reminiscence utilization, improved dependency administration, and the power to make use of each Python 2 and Python 3.
Package deal administration with DNF
You have to have superuser privileges to make use of the DNF command to put in, replace, or uninstall the package deal. The next is a sequence of DNF instructions generally utilized by system directors.
Discover a package deal
To seek for a package deal that’s put in or accessible in all repositories, utilization
$ sudo dnf search <em>package_name</em>For instance, to seek for package deal Nmap:
$ sudo dnf search nmapFinal metadata expiration examine: 0:05:14 in the past on Tue 02 Jun 2020 08:38:09 PM UTC.
==================================== Title Precisely Matched: nmap =====================================
nmap.x86_64 : Community exploration device and safety scanner
=================================== Title & Abstract Matched: nmap ====================================
nmap-ncat.x86_64 : Nmap's Netcat alternativeChecklist packages
To see a listing of all put in and accessible packages:
$ sudo dnf listing allPut in Packages
GConf2.x86_64 3.2.6-22.el8 @rhui-rhel-8-for-x86_64-appstream-rhui-rpms
NetworkManager.x86_64 1:1.22.8-4.el8 @anaconda
NetworkManager-libnm.x86_64 1:1.22.8-4.el8 @anaconda
NetworkManager-team.x86_64 1:1.22.8-4.el8 @anaconda
NetworkManager-tui.x86_64 1:1.22.8-4.el8
...To listing all put in packages:
$ sudo dnf listing put in
Put in Packages
NetworkManager.x86_64 1:1.22.8-4.el8 @anaconda
NetworkManager-libnm.x86_64 1:1.22.8-4.el8 @anaconda
NetworkManager-team.x86_64 1:1.22.8-4.el8 @anaconda
NetworkManager-tui.x86_64 1:1.22.8-4.el8 @anaconda
PackageKit.x86_64 1.1.12-4.el8 @AppStream
PackageKit-glib.x86_64 1.1.12-4.el8 @AppStream
WALinuxAgent.noarch 2.2.38-1.el8 @rhui-rhel-8-for-x86_64-appstream-rhui-rpms
abattis-cantarell-fonts.noarch 0.0.25-4.el8 @AppStream
acl.x86_64 2.2.53-1.el8 @anaconda
... To show all accessible packages:
$ sudo dnf listing accessibleFinal metadata expiration examine: 1:15:10 in the past on Tue 02 Jun 2020 05:37:11 PM UTC.
Out there Packages
CUnit.i686 2.1.3-17.el8 rhui-rhel-8-for-x86_64-appstream-rhui-rpms
CUnit.x86_64 2.1.3-17.el8 rhui-rhel-8-for-x86_64-appstream-rhui-rpms
CUnit-devel.i686 2.1.3-17.el8 rhui-codeready-builder-for-rhel-8-x86_64-rhui-rpms
CUnit-devel.x86_64 2.1.3-17.el8 rhui-codeready-builder-for-rhel-8-x86_64-rhui-rpms
...For instance, to listing all MySQL packages accessible:
$ sudo dnf listing accessible "mysql*"Final metadata expiration examine: 1:17:04 in the past on Tue 02 Jun 2020 05:37:11 PM UTC.
Out there Packages
mysql.x86_64 8.0.17-3.module+el8.0.0+3898+e09bb8de rhui-rhel-8-for-x86_64-appstream-rhui-rpms
mysql-common.x86_64 8.0.17-3.module+el8.0.0+3898+e09bb8de rhui-rhel-8-for-x86_64-appstream-rhui-rpms
mysql-devel.x86_64 8.0.17-3.module+el8.0.0+3898+e09bb8de rhui-rhel-8-for-x86_64-appstream-rhui-rpms
mysql-errmsg.x86_64 8.0.17-3.module+el8.0.0+3898+e09bb8de rhui-rhel-8-for-x86_64-appstream-rhui-rpms
mysql-libs.x86_64 8.0.17-3.module+el8.0.0+3898+e09bb8de rhui-rhel-8-for-x86_64-appstream-rhui-rpms
mysql-server.x86_64 8.0.17-3.module+el8.0.0+3898+e09bb8de rhui-rhel-8-for-x86_64-appstream-rhui-rpms
mysql-test.x86_64 8.0.17-3.module+el8.0.0+3898+e09bb8de rhui-rhel-8-for-x86_64-appstream-rhui-rpmsView package deal info
View details about a package deal:
$ sudo dnf data <em>package_name
</em>For instance, to show details about the httpd server:
$ sudo dnf data httpd
Final metadata expiration examine: 0:15:04 in the past on Mon 01 Jun 2020 11:23:11 PM UTC.
Out there Packages
Title : httpd
Model : 2.4.37
Launch : 21.module+el8.2.0+5008+cca404a3
Structure : x86_64
Dimension : 1.4 M
Supply : httpd-2.4.37-21.module+el8.2.0+5008+cca404a3.src.rpm
Repository : rhui-rhel-8-for-x86_64-appstream-rhui-rpms
Abstract : Apache HTTP Server
URL : https://httpd.apache.org/
License : ASL 2.0
Description : The Apache HTTP Server is a robust, environment friendly, and extensible
: internet server.
Set up packages
Set up one package deal
To put in a single package deal and all its uninstalled dependencies:
$ sudo dnf set up package_nameFor instance, Set up Nginx:
$ sudo dnf set up nginxDependencies resolved.
===========================================================================================
Package deal Arch Model Repository Dimension
===========================================================================================
Putting in:
nginx x86_64 1:1.14.1-9.module+el8.0.0+4108+af250afe
rhui-rhel-8-for-x86_64-appstream-rhui-rpms 570 okay
Putting in dependencies:
gd x86_64 2.2.5-6.el8 rhui-rhel-8-for-x86_64-appstream-rhui-rpms 144 okay
jbigkit-libs x86_64 2.1-14.el8 rhui-rhel-8-for-x86_64-appstream-rhui-rpms 55 okay
..This may set up Nginx and all its uninstalled dependency necessities.
Set up a number of packages
You can too set up a number of packages by including package deal names to this command. For instance, to put in Nginx, PHP & MySQL server, enter:
$ sudo dnf set up nginx php mysql-serverDependencies resolved.
===========================================================================================
Package deal Arch Model Repository Dimension
===========================================================================================
Putting in:
mysql-server x86_64 8.0.17-3.module+el8.0.0+3898+e09bb8de
rhui-rhel-8-for-x86_64-appstream-rhui-rpms 22 M
nginx x86_64 1:1.14.1-9.module+el8.0.0+4108+af250afe
rhui-rhel-8-for-x86_64-appstream-rhui-rpms 570 okay
php x86_64 7.2.24-1.module+el8.2.0+4601+7c76a223
rhui-rhel-8-for-x86_64-appstream-rhui-rpms 1.5 M
Putting in dependencies:
apr x86_64 1.6.3-9.el8 rhui-rhel-8-for-x86_64-appstream-rhui-rpms 125 okay
apr-util x86_64 1.6.1-6.el8 rhui-rhel-8-for-x86_64-appstream-rhui-rpms 105 okay
gd x86_64 2.2.5-6.el8 rhui-rhel-8-for-x86_64-appstream-rhui-rpms 144 okay
httpd x86_64 2.4.37-21.module+el8.2.0+5008+cca404a3
rhui-rhel-8-for-x86_64-appstream-rhui-rpms 1.4 M
httpd-filesystem noarch 2.4.37-21.module+el8.2.0+5008+cca404a3
...Set up a package deal based mostly on the binary file title
If you recognize the title of the binary you need to set up, however not the package deal title, even that is sufficient to set up the related package deal.
For instance, when you enter:
$ sudo dnf set up /usr/sbin/namedFinal metadata expiration examine: 1:21:25 in the past on Tue 02 Jun 2020 05:37:11 PM UTC.
Dependencies resolved.
=====================================================================================================
Package deal Arch Model Repository Dimension
=====================================================================================================
Putting in:
bind x86_64 32:9.11.13-5.el8_2 rhui-rhel-8-for-x86_64-appstream-rhui-rpms 2.1 M
Transaction Abstract
=====================================================================================================
Set up 1 Package deal
Whole obtain dimension: 2.1 M
Put in dimension: 4.5 M
Is that this okay [y/N]:DNF searches and finds the package deal that gives it /usr/sbin/known as and asks you to put in it.
Discover which package deal owns a file
If you recognize the file title and need to know what package deal it offers (put in or not), use:
$ sudo dnf offers <em>file_name</em>For instance, to seek out which package deal offers a reputation, use the binary for the DNS server:
$ sudo dnf offers namedFinal metadata expiration examine: 1:27:30 in the past on Mon 01 Jun 2020 11:23:11 PM UTC.
bind-32:9.11.4-16.P2.el8.x86_64 :
The Berkeley Web Title Area (BIND) DNS (Area Title System) :
server Repo : rhui-rhel-8-for-x86_64-appstream-rhui-rpms Matched from: Filename :
/usr/sbin/namedDelete a package deal
To delete a package deal:
sudo dnf take away <em>package_name</em>However watch out, DNF can’t take away a package deal with out additionally eradicating the packages that rely upon it. To take away package deal nmap use:
$ sudo dnf take away nmap
Dependencies resolved.
=====================================================================================================
Package deal Structure Model Repository Dimension
=====================================================================================================
Eradicating:
nmap x86_64 2:7.70-5.el8 @rhui-rhel-8-for-x86_64-appstream-rhui-rpms 24 M
Transaction Abstract
=====================================================================================================
Take away 1 Package deal
Freed area: 24 M
Is that this okay [y/N]:Handle package deal teams
A package deal group is a set of packages which might be carefully associated and serve a standard function. Putting in a package deal group installs a sequence of packages, saving a number of time.
Checklist all package deal teams
To show all package deal teams:
$ sudo dnf group listingOut there Setting Teams:
Server with GUI
Server
Workstation
Customized Working System
Virtualization Host
Put in Setting Teams:
Minimal Set up
Put in Teams:
Safety Instruments
Container Administration
Out there Teams:
Legacy UNIX Compatibility
Growth Instruments
Scientific Help
.NET Core Growth
Graphical Administration Instruments
Headless Administration
RPM Growth Instruments
Community Servers
System Instruments
Sensible Card HelpChecklist all packages in a gaggle
To listing all packages in a gaggle:
$ sudo dnf group data <em>package_name</em>For instance, to view packages within the Safety Instruments group:
$ sudo dnf group data “safety instruments”
Group: Safety Instruments
Description: Safety instruments for integrity and belief verification.
Default Packages:
scap-security-guide
Non-obligatory Packages:
aide
hmaccalc
openscap
openscap-engine-sce
openscap-utils
scap-security-guide-doc
scap-workbench
tpm-quote-tools
tpm-tools
tpm2-tools
trousersSet up a package deal group
Putting in a gaggle installs all packages in a gaggle. To put in a package deal group use:
sudo dnf group set up <em>package_group_name</em>For instance, to put in the “Community Servers” group:
$ sudo dnf group set up “Community Servers”
Final metadata expiration examine: 1:40:14 in the past on Wed 03 Jun 2020 05:53:11 PM UTC.
Dependencies resolved.
===========================================================================================
Package deal Structure Model Repository Dimension
===========================================================================================
Putting in Teams:
Community Servers
Transaction Abstract
===========================================================================================
Is that this okay [y/N]:Delete a package deal group
To delete a package deal group:
sudo dnf take away <em>package_name</em>So to take away the “Safety Instruments” package deal group:
$ sudo dnf group take away "safety instruments"Dependencies resolved.
=====================================================================================================
Package deal Arch Model Repository Dimension
=====================================================================================================
Eradicating:
scap-security-guide noarch 0.1.48-7.el8 @rhui-rhel-8-for-x86_64-appstream-rhui-rpms 182 M
Eradicating unused dependencies:
GConf2 x86_64 3.2.6-22.el8 @rhui-rhel-8-for-x86_64-appstream-rhui-rpms 6.3 M
libxslt x86_64 1.1.32-4.el8 @rhui-rhel-8-for-x86_64-baseos-rhui-rpms 734 okay
openscap x86_64 1.3.2-6.el8 @rhui-rhel-8-for-x86_64-appstream-rhui-rpms 58 M
openscap-scanner x86_64 1.3.2-6.el8 @rhui-rhel-8-for-x86_64-appstream-rhui-rpms 137 okay
xml-common noarch 0.6.3-50.el8 @rhui-rhel-8-for-x86_64-baseos-rhui-rpms 78 okay
Eradicating Teams:
Safety Instruments
Transaction Abstract
=====================================================================================================
Take away 6 Packages
Freed area: 247 M
Is that this okay [y/N]: Replace packages
Replace all packages
To replace all packages and their dependencies, you should use:
$ sudo dnf improveFinal metadata expiration examine: 1:09:31 in the past on Tue 02 Jun 2020 08:38:09 PM UTC.
Dependencies resolved.
Nothing to do.
Full!This may set up all updates that may be put in. Each dnf improve and dnf replace have the identical impact, however a dnf improve is most well-liked.
Replace one package deal
To replace a single package deal, run:
$ sudo dnf improve package_nameFor instance, to replace the Python package deal:
$ sudo dnf improve python
Conclusion
Studying DNF might be worthwhile as it’s typically the quickest solution to carry out system administration duties. In the event you’re eager about studying RHEL 8, take a look at this Udemy course.
